'\" t
.\"     Title: TRUNCATE
.\"    Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.75.2 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 2011-12-01
.\"    Manual: PostgreSQL 9.1.2 Documentation
.\"    Source: PostgreSQL 9.1.2
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "TRUNCATE" "7" "2011-12-01" "PostgreSQL 9.1.2" "PostgreSQL 9.1.2 Documentation"
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.SH "NAME"
TRUNCATE \- empty a table or set of tables
.\" TRUNCATE
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.sp
.nf
TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] [ ONLY ] \fIname\fR [, \&.\&.\&. ]
    [ RESTART IDENTITY | CONTINUE IDENTITY ] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
.fi
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP

TRUNCATE
quickly removes all rows from a set of tables\&. It has the same effect as an unqualified
DELETE
on each table, but since it does not actually scan the tables it is faster\&. Furthermore, it reclaims disk space immediately, rather than requiring a subsequent
VACUUM
operation\&. This is most useful on large tables\&.
.SH "PARAMETERS"
.PP
\fIname\fR
.RS 4
The name (optionally schema\-qualified) of a table to be truncated\&. If
ONLY
is specified, only that table is truncated\&. If
ONLY
is not specified, the table and all its descendant tables (if any) are truncated\&.
.RE
.PP
RESTART IDENTITY
.RS 4
Automatically restart sequences owned by columns of the truncated table(s)\&.
.RE
.PP
CONTINUE IDENTITY
.RS 4
Do not change the values of sequences\&. This is the default\&.
.RE
.PP
CASCADE
.RS 4
Automatically truncate all tables that have foreign\-key references to any of the named tables, or to any tables added to the group due to
CASCADE\&.
.RE
.PP
RESTRICT
.RS 4
Refuse to truncate if any of the tables have foreign\-key references from tables that are not listed in the command\&. This is the default\&.
.RE
.SH "NOTES"
.PP
You must have the
TRUNCATE
privilege on a table to truncate it\&.
.PP

TRUNCATE
acquires an
ACCESS EXCLUSIVE
lock on each table it operates on, which blocks all other concurrent operations on the table\&. When
RESTART IDENTITY
is specified, any sequences that are to be restarted are likewise locked exclusively\&. If concurrent access to a table is required, then the
DELETE
command should be used instead\&.
.PP

TRUNCATE
cannot be used on a table that has foreign\-key references from other tables, unless all such tables are also truncated in the same command\&. Checking validity in such cases would require table scans, and the whole point is not to do one\&. The
CASCADE
option can be used to automatically include all dependent tables \(em but be very careful when using this option, or else you might lose data you did not intend to!
.PP

TRUNCATE
will not fire any
ON DELETE
triggers that might exist for the tables\&. But it will fire
ON TRUNCATE
triggers\&. If
ON TRUNCATE
triggers are defined for any of the tables, then all
BEFORE TRUNCATE
triggers are fired before any truncation happens, and all
AFTER TRUNCATE
triggers are fired after the last truncation is performed and any sequences are reset\&. The triggers will fire in the order that the tables are to be processed (first those listed in the command, and then any that were added due to cascading)\&.
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.PP

TRUNCATE
is not MVCC\-safe (see
Chapter 13, Concurrency Control, in the documentation
for general information about MVCC)\&. After truncation, the table will appear empty to all concurrent transactions, even if they are using a snapshot taken before the truncation occurred\&. This will only be an issue for a transaction that did not access the truncated table before the truncation happened \(em any transaction that has done so would hold at least an
ACCESS SHARE
lock, which would block
TRUNCATE
until that transaction completes\&. So truncation will not cause any apparent inconsistency in the table contents for successive queries on the same table, but it could cause visible inconsistency between the contents of the truncated table and other tables in the database\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.PP

TRUNCATE
is transaction\-safe with respect to the data in the tables: the truncation will be safely rolled back if the surrounding transaction does not commit\&.
.PP
When
RESTART IDENTITY
is specified, the implied
ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART
operations are also done transactionally; that is, they will be rolled back if the surrounding transaction does not commit\&. This is unlike the normal behavior of
ALTER SEQUENCE RESTART\&. Be aware that if any additional sequence operations are done on the restarted sequences before the transaction rolls back, the effects of these operations on the sequences will be rolled back, but not their effects on
\fBcurrval()\fR; that is, after the transaction
\fBcurrval()\fR
will continue to reflect the last sequence value obtained inside the failed transaction, even though the sequence itself may no longer be consistent with that\&. This is similar to the usual behavior of
\fBcurrval()\fR
after a failed transaction\&.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.PP
Truncate the tables
bigtable
and
fattable:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
TRUNCATE bigtable, fattable;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
The same, and also reset any associated sequence generators:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
TRUNCATE bigtable, fattable RESTART IDENTITY;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.PP
Truncate the table
othertable, and cascade to any tables that reference
othertable
via foreign\-key constraints:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
TRUNCATE othertable CASCADE;
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.SH "COMPATIBILITY"
.PP
The SQL:2008 standard includes a
TRUNCATE
command with the syntax
TRUNCATE TABLE \fItablename\fR\&. The clauses
CONTINUE IDENTITY/RESTART IDENTITY
also appear in that standard, but have slightly different though related meanings\&. Some of the concurrency behavior of this command is left implementation\-defined by the standard, so the above notes should be considered and compared with other implementations if necessary\&.
